Business Architecture Workflows¶

Step-by-step procedures for developing business architecture (TOGAF Phase B).

Workflow Overview¶

flowchart TD
    subgraph Inputs
        I1[Architecture Vision]
        I2[Business Goals]
        I3[Stakeholder Concerns]
    end

    subgraph "Phase B Workflow"
        W1[1. Select Reference Models]
        W2[2. Develop Baseline]
        W3[3. Develop Target]
        W4[4. Gap Analysis]
        W5[5. Define Roadmap Components]
        W6[6. Stakeholder Review]
    end

    subgraph Outputs
        O1[Business Architecture]
        O2[Gap Analysis]
        O3[Roadmap Input]
    end

    I1 --> W1
    I2 --> W1
    I3 --> W1
    W1 --> W2 --> W3 --> W4 --> W5 --> W6
    W6 --> O1
    W6 --> O2
    W6 --> O3

Step 1: Select Reference Models and Viewpoints¶

1.1 Choose Viewpoints¶

Based on stakeholder concerns, select relevant views:

Viewpoint	When to Use	Stakeholders
Capability View	Always	Executives, strategists
Value Stream View	Value optimization	Product owners, customers
Process View	Operational improvement	Operations, process owners
Organization View	Restructuring, roles	HR, management
Information View	Data requirements	Data architects, analysts

1.2 Select Reference Models¶

Consider industry frameworks:

Industry	Reference Models
Banking	BIAN, APQC Banking
Insurance	ACORD, LOMA
Retail	ARTS
Healthcare	HL7, HIMSS
Cross-industry	APQC PCF, eTOM

1.3 Define Scope Boundaries¶

in_scope:
  - capabilities: [list specific capabilities]
  - processes: [list specific processes]
  - organizations: [list specific units]

out_of_scope:
  - capabilities: [excluded capabilities]
  - note: "Phase 2 will address..."

Step 2: Develop Baseline Business Architecture¶

2.1 Document Current Capabilities¶

Create capability inventory:

capability:
  name: "Order Management"
  level: 1  # Top level
  description: "Ability to receive, process, and fulfill customer orders"
  owner: "VP Operations"
  maturity: 3  # 1-5 scale

  sub_capabilities:
    - name: "Order Capture"
      level: 2
      description: "Receive orders from all channels"
      maturity: 4
      applications: ["Order Portal", "Call Center System"]

    - name: "Order Fulfillment"
      level: 2
      description: "Pick, pack, and ship orders"
      maturity: 2
      applications: ["WMS", "Shipping System"]
      gaps: ["Manual processes", "No real-time inventory"]

2.2 Map Current Value Streams¶

Document how value flows:

value_stream:
  name: "Order to Cash"
  customer_segment: "B2B Customers"
  value_proposition: "Reliable product delivery"

  stages:
    - name: "Order Placement"
      triggering_event: "Customer submits order"
      capabilities: ["Order Capture", "Customer Validation"]
      pain_points: ["Manual entry", "Duplicate data"]
      cycle_time: "15 min average"

    - name: "Order Processing"
      capabilities: ["Order Validation", "Inventory Check"]
      pain_points: ["Inventory sync delays"]
      cycle_time: "2 hours average"

    - name: "Fulfillment"
      capabilities: ["Order Fulfillment", "Shipping"]
      pain_points: ["Paper-based picking"]
      cycle_time: "1-2 days"

    - name: "Invoicing"
      capabilities: ["Billing", "A/R Management"]
      pain_points: ["Manual invoice creation"]
      cycle_time: "1 day"

2.3 Document Current Processes¶

For key processes, document:

process:
  name: "Process Customer Order"
  owner: "Order Management Team"
  frequency: "500/day"
  trigger: "Order received from any channel"

  steps:
    - id: 1
      name: "Receive Order"
      actor: "System/Agent"
      system: "Order Portal"
      description: "Order enters system"

    - id: 2
      name: "Validate Customer"
      actor: "System"
      system: "CRM"
      description: "Check customer status and credit"
      decision: "Valid customer?"

    - id: 3
      name: "Check Inventory"
      actor: "System"
      system: "Inventory System"
      description: "Verify stock availability"
      pain_point: "Batch updates cause inaccuracy"

  metrics:
    - name: "Order Processing Time"
      current: "4 hours"
      target: "< 1 hour"
    - name: "Order Error Rate"
      current: "5%"
      target: "< 1%"

2.4 Document Organization Structure¶

organization:
  unit: "Operations Division"
  head: "VP Operations"

  teams:
    - name: "Order Management"
      size: 25
      location: "HQ"
      capabilities: ["Order Capture", "Order Processing"]

    - name: "Warehouse Operations"
      size: 50
      location: "Distribution Center"
      capabilities: ["Inventory Mgmt", "Fulfillment"]

Step 3: Develop Target Business Architecture¶

3.1 Define Target Capabilities¶

Based on vision and goals:

target_capability:
  name: "Order Management"
  target_maturity: 5
  target_state:
    - "Real-time inventory visibility"
    - "Automated validation and routing"
    - "Self-service order tracking"

  new_sub_capabilities:
    - name: "Intelligent Order Routing"
      description: "Auto-route orders to optimal fulfillment center"
      rationale: "Reduce shipping costs, improve speed"

3.2 Define Target Value Streams¶

Optimize value flow:

target_value_stream:
  name: "Order to Cash"

  improvements:
    - stage: "Order Placement"
      changes:
        - "Single-entry across channels"
        - "Real-time validation"
      target_cycle_time: "< 2 min"

    - stage: "Fulfillment"
      changes:
        - "Mobile-guided picking"
        - "Automated packing stations"
      target_cycle_time: "< 4 hours"

3.3 Define Target Processes¶

Design improved processes:

target_process:
  name: "Process Customer Order"
  target_metrics:
    processing_time: "< 1 hour"
    error_rate: "< 1%"

  changes:
    - type: "Automation"
      step: "Validate Customer"
      description: "Automated credit check integration"

    - type: "Elimination"
      step: "Manual data entry"
      description: "Direct integration with customer systems"

    - type: "New Step"
      step: "Intelligent Routing"
      description: "Auto-select fulfillment location"

3.4 Define Organization Changes¶

target_organization:
  changes:
    - type: "New Role"
      name: "Order Experience Manager"
      rationale: "End-to-end order journey ownership"

    - type: "Skill Development"
      team: "Order Management"
      skills: ["Exception handling", "Customer communication"]

    - type: "Consolidation"
      from: ["Manual Processing Team", "Data Entry Team"]
      to: "Automation Support Team"

Step 4: Gap Analysis¶

4.1 Capability Gaps¶

Capability	Baseline	Target	Gap	Priority
Order Capture	4	5	Minor	Medium
Inventory Mgmt	2	5	Major	Critical
Analytics	2	4	Significant	High

4.2 Process Gaps¶

Process	Gap Type	Description	Impact
Order Processing	Automation	Manual steps need automation	High
Inventory Sync	Integration	Real-time sync needed	Critical
Reporting	Data	Missing metrics	Medium

4.3 Organization Gaps¶

Area	Gap	Resolution
Skills	Digital skills lacking	Training program
Roles	No E2E ownership	Create new role
Capacity	Insufficient for growth	Hire + automate

Step 5: Define Roadmap Components¶

5.1 Identify Work Packages¶

From gaps, create work packages:

work_packages:
  - id: "WP-B-001"
    name: "Real-time Inventory Capability"
    description: "Enable real-time inventory visibility across channels"
    gaps_addressed: ["Inventory Mgmt", "Order Processing"]
    dependencies: []
    estimated_effort: "Large"

  - id: "WP-B-002"
    name: "Order Automation"
    description: "Automate order validation and routing"
    gaps_addressed: ["Order Processing", "Order Capture"]
    dependencies: ["WP-B-001"]
    estimated_effort: "Medium"

5.2 Prioritize Work Packages¶

Work Package	Business Value	Complexity	Dependencies	Priority
WP-B-001	High	High	None	1
WP-B-002	High	Medium	WP-B-001	2
WP-B-003	Medium	Low	None	3

5.3 Define Transition States¶

transitions:
  - state: "Baseline"
    description: "Current manual processes"

  - state: "Transition 1"
    description: "Real-time inventory enabled"
    work_packages: ["WP-B-001"]
    timeline: "Q2"

  - state: "Transition 2"
    description: "Order automation complete"
    work_packages: ["WP-B-002"]
    timeline: "Q4"

  - state: "Target"
    description: "Full automation and optimization"
    timeline: "Q2 Next Year"

Step 6: Stakeholder Review¶

6.1 Prepare Review Materials¶

Executive summary (1-2 pages)
Capability map with gaps highlighted
Value stream improvements
Key process changes
Organization impacts
Roadmap summary

6.2 Conduct Reviews¶

Audience	Focus	Materials
Executive	Business case, investment	Summary, roadmap
Operations	Process changes, impacts	Process models, org changes
IT	System implications	Capability-system mapping
HR	People impacts	Organization changes, training

6.3 Incorporate Feedback¶

Document decisions and changes:

review_decisions:
  - date: "YYYY-MM-DD"
    stakeholder: "VP Operations"
    decision: "Approved with changes"
    changes:
      - "Phase inventory project first"
      - "Add change management workstream"

Quick Reference: Phase B Steps¶

Step	Key Activities	Outputs
1. Setup	Select viewpoints, reference models	Scope definition
2. Baseline	Document current capabilities, processes	Baseline architecture
3. Target	Define future state aligned to vision	Target architecture
4. Gap Analysis	Compare baseline to target	Gap catalog
5. Roadmap	Identify work packages, transitions	Roadmap components
6. Review	Validate with stakeholders	Approved architecture