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TOGAF Phase G: Implementation Governance

Guidelines for ensuring architecture compliance during implementation.


Overview

Phase G ensures implementation projects conform to the defined architecture:

  1. Establish Contracts - Formal agreements with implementers
  2. Monitor Compliance - Track adherence to architecture
  3. Handle Deviations - Manage architecture exceptions
  4. Provide Guidance - Support implementation teams
  5. Capture Lessons - Feed improvements back to architecture
Phase F (Planning) → Phase G (Governance) → Phase H (Change)
                     YOU ARE HERE

When to Use This Skill

Use Phase G when you need to:

  • Establish architecture contracts with project teams
  • Review implementations for architecture compliance
  • Manage architecture exceptions and deviations
  • Provide architecture guidance during implementation
  • Track architecture conformance across portfolio
  • Prepare for architecture change requests

Key Concepts

Architecture Contract

A formal agreement between architecture and implementation:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                  ARCHITECTURE CONTRACT                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                             │
│  What We Agree To Deliver                                   │
│  ├── Scope and objectives                                   │
│  ├── Architecture artifacts to follow                       │
│  ├── Standards and guidelines to apply                      │
│  └── Deliverables and acceptance criteria                   │
│                                                             │
│  How We'll Work Together                                    │
│  ├── Review checkpoints                                     │
│  ├── Escalation procedures                                  │
│  ├── Change request process                                 │
│  └── Communication cadence                                  │
│                                                             │
│  Consequences                                               │
│  ├── Acceptance process                                     │
│  ├── Non-compliance handling                                │
│  └── Exception process                                      │
│                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Compliance Assessment

Systematic review of implementation conformance:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                 COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                             │
│  Assessment Dimensions                                      │
│  ├── Architecture Conformance                               │
│  │   ├── Component alignment                                │
│  │   ├── Interface compliance                               │
│  │   └── Data model adherence                               │
│  │                                                          │
│  ├── Standards Compliance                                   │
│  │   ├── Technology standards                               │
│  │   ├── Security standards                                 │
│  │   └── Coding standards                                   │
│  │                                                          │
│  └── Principle Adherence                                    │
│      ├── Architecture principles                            │
│      └── Design principles                                  │
│                                                             │
│  Findings Categories                                        │
│  ├── Compliant ✓                                            │
│  ├── Deviation (approved exception)                         │
│  ├── Non-compliant (requires remediation)                   │
│  └── Not applicable                                         │
│                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Deviation Management

Process for handling architecture exceptions:

Exception                Assess               Decision              Track
Request                  Impact               Authority             Outcome
   │                       │                     │                    │
   ▼                       ▼                     ▼                    ▼
┌──────┐              ┌──────┐              ┌──────┐             ┌──────┐
│Submit│────────────▶ │Review│────────────▶ │Decide│───────────▶ │Record│
│Form  │              │Board │              │Approve│            │Track │
└──────┘              └──────┘              │Reject │            └──────┘
                                            │Modify │
                                            └──────┘

Governance Levels

Tiered Governance Model

Level Scope Authority Review Frequency
Strategic Enterprise architecture CTO/Architecture Board Quarterly
Domain Business/Technology domain Domain Architect Monthly
Solution Individual project Solution Architect Sprint/Iteration
Technical Code/Configuration Tech Lead Continuous

Governance Intensity

Project Type Governance Level Rationale
Strategic initiative High High risk, enterprise impact
Core system change High Business critical
Standard enhancement Medium Moderate risk
Maintenance/patch Low Low risk, localized
Experimental/POC Minimal Learning focus

Compliance Review Types

Architecture Review Board (ARB)

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              ARCHITECTURE REVIEW BOARD                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                             │
│  When: Key decision points, gate reviews                    │
│                                                             │
│  Who: Chief Architect, Domain Architects, Key Stakeholders  │
│                                                             │
│  What:                                                      │
│  ├── Major architecture decisions                           │
│  ├── Significant deviations                                 │
│  ├── New technology adoption                                │
│  └── Cross-domain impacts                                   │
│                                                             │
│  Outcomes:                                                  │
│  ├── Approved                                               │
│  ├── Approved with conditions                               │
│  ├── Deferred (more info needed)                            │
│  └── Rejected (with rationale)                              │
│                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Solution Design Review

## Solution Design Review

**Purpose**: Validate solution architecture before implementation

**Timing**: End of design phase, before development

**Participants**:
- Solution Architect (presenter)
- Domain Architect (reviewer)
- Security Architect
- Data Architect (if data-intensive)
- Infrastructure Architect

**Review Criteria**:
- Alignment with target architecture
- Standards compliance
- Security requirements
- Integration patterns
- Scalability and performance

Implementation Checkpoint

## Implementation Checkpoint

**Purpose**: Verify implementation matches approved design

**Timing**: At key milestones (e.g., sprint reviews, phase gates)

**Participants**:
- Tech Lead (presenter)
- Solution Architect (reviewer)
- QA Lead

**Review Criteria**:
- Code structure matches design
- APIs match specifications
- Data models match design
- Security controls implemented
- Non-functional requirements met

Deviation Categories

Deviation Types

Type Description Authority Documentation
Waiver Permanent exception, accepted risk ARB Full justification
Deferral Temporary non-compliance, planned remediation Domain Architect Remediation plan
Variance Minor deviation, low risk Solution Architect Brief note

Deviation Impact Assessment

Factor Low Medium High
Scope Single component Multiple components Enterprise-wide
Security No security impact Increased exposure Critical vulnerability
Integration Isolated Domain interfaces Cross-domain
Precedent One-off May repeat Sets pattern
Technical Debt Minimal Moderate Significant

Phase G Inputs

From previous phases:

Input Source Usage
Architecture Definition Phases B-D Compliance baseline
Implementation Plan Phase F Project milestones
Project Charters Phase F Scope and commitments
Architecture Principles Preliminary Evaluation criteria
Standards Catalog Various Compliance criteria

Phase G Outputs

Deliverables from this phase:

Output Description Audience
Architecture Contracts Formal agreements Project teams
Compliance Assessments Review findings Project managers
Deviation Requests Exception documentation Architecture Board
Implementation Recommendations Guidance for teams Developers
Lessons Learned Feed into Phase H Architecture team

Key Principles

  1. Enable, Don't Block - Governance should help projects succeed
  2. Proportionate - Match governance intensity to risk
  3. Transparent - Clear criteria and processes
  4. Consistent - Apply standards equally
  5. Constructive - Focus on improvement, not blame
  6. Documented - Record decisions and rationale

Common Challenges

Challenge Mitigation
Governance seen as bureaucracy Demonstrate value, streamline process
Inconsistent reviews Use checklists, train reviewers
Deviations not tracked Maintain central register
Late engagement Build into project lifecycle
Architecture drift Continuous compliance monitoring


References

  • TOGAF 10 Chapter 23: Phase G - Implementation Governance
  • ISO/IEC 38500 (IT Governance)
  • COBIT (Control Objectives for IT)